Pluto Energy · AI product design

I started by designing an
AI trading assistant.
I was wrong.

I explored three progressively different approaches to helping energy analysts work with complex market information. The real design problem was not the interface. It was the mental model.

Role
UX Consultant
Domain
Energy Markets · AI · B2B
Timeline
2025–26
Status
Concept / Prototype

01  ·  Context

My first assumption was simple: give the analyst an AI they can ask anything.

Energy market analysts make decisions under uncertainty. They need to understand why a market signal occurred, test it against their assumptions, model the price impact, and make a trading decision, often in compressed timeframes.

My initial concept centred the experience around conversational AI, on the assumption that a chat interface could handle the complexity behind a simple interaction. That assumption missed the sophistication of how analysts actually reason.

Analyst's mental model
EventSomething changed
EvidenceWhat and why?
DriversWhat's causing it?
AssumptionsDoes the model hold?
ScenarioWhat is the impact?
ChallengeDoes this feel right?
DecisionWhat should I do?

The product's mental model needs to align with the analyst's mental model. V1 did not. V2 improved surface-level alignment. V3 was designed to mirror the analyst's full reasoning process.

02  ·  Evolution of the mental model

Three iterations. Each one moved the product closer to the way analysts actually think.

V1  ·  The chat model

V1 assumed the analyst knew exactly what to ask. The interface was simple. The analytical process wasn't. A conversational AI could answer questions, but the analyst still had to build the context, frame the question, and interpret the answer themselves.

The mental model gap: the product treated each query as independent. The analyst's reasoning is sequential and contextual.

Design decision

An answer engine maps only to the final stage of the analyst's process. Every prior stage (finding the signal, gathering evidence, testing assumptions) remained outside the product.

Pluto Energy V1 chat-first interface screenshot

V2  ·  The context model

Pluto Energy V2 market analysis workspace screenshot

V2 moved the product closer to the analyst's starting point. Instead of waiting for a question, the system now surfaced what mattered: material market changes, supporting context, and agent confidence levels.

V2 made the market easier to read. It did not yet make the analytical journey continuous. Investigation, scenario modelling and decision-making were still separate from the detection layer.

Design decision

Surfacing the right signal is necessary but not sufficient. The limitation of V2 was not information volume. It was that the workflow broke after investigation ended.

What research changed

The CEO and CTO had conducted early conversations with analysts before I joined the exploration. I subsequently led deeper qualitative design validation with the CTO as a primary domain source. Three observations shaped the V3 direction.

01
Signal

Analysts consistently used AI outputs as directional input, but always applied their own judgement before acting on any conclusion. Existing models were useful but not trustworthy enough to bypass investigation.

Design implication

The AI should support the reasoning process rather than make the decision opaque. Removing judgement from the workflow was the wrong goal.

02
Signal

Understanding why a price moved was more actionable than knowing that it moved. Context and drivers were as important as the signal itself.

Design implication

The product needed to surface evidence alongside conclusions, not in a separate tool the analyst had to switch to.

03
Signal

The analytical workflow naturally spanned detection, investigation, scenario modelling and decision, but each phase used different tooling that didn't connect. The cognitive cost of switching between tools was significant.

Design implication

The interaction model needed to match the analyst's natural reasoning flow, not flatten it into a single query or fragment it across separate tools.

Analyst's reasoningV1V2V3
Event
A market change occurs
ChatDetectDetect
Evidence
What does it mean and why?
ChatContextInvestigate
Drivers
What is causing the change?
ChatAnalysisAnalyse
Assumptions
Does the price model still hold?
AnalysisChallenge
Scenario
What is the price impact?
AnalysisRecalculate
Decision
What should I do?
AnswerAnswerDecide
AlignmentLowPartialHigh

03  ·  The V3 product model

The problem wasn't missing information. It was the missing connection between information and action.

V3 connects the analytical stages into one continuous workflow. The AI automates analytical preparation. The analyst retains judgement.

The Pluto Energy market context workspace, showing ERCOT hub prices, wind output versus forecast and the AI assistant's suggested actions
Connected analytical workflow
Detect
Investigate
Analyse
Challenge
Recalculate
Decide
Monitor

Each stage connects to the next.
Each design decision keeps the analyst in control.

01

Detect

The system surfaces material market changes, ranked by relevance.

Design decision

Rank by materiality, not chronology. The analyst should see what matters, not search for it.

Pluto Energy detect step: material market changes ranked by relevance
02

Investigate

The analyst opens the event. Supporting context (supply-demand signals, related movements) is pre-loaded.

Design decision

Supporting evidence belongs with the signal. Requiring the analyst to open a separate tool breaks the reasoning chain.

Pluto Energy investigate step: supporting context pre-loaded alongside the event
03

Analyse

AI generates a price-impact scenario from the current assumption set.

Design decision

Show the result alongside the logic. Analysts don't trust conclusions they can't trace.

Pluto Energy analyse step: AI-generated price-impact scenario with visible reasoning
04

Challenge

The analyst can inspect and edit the underlying assumptions before accepting the scenario.

Design decision

Make disagreement actionable, not passive. If an assumption is wrong, give the analyst somewhere to correct it.

Pluto Energy challenge step: analyst inspecting and editing underlying assumptions
05

Recalculate

The system recalculates with the revised assumption set and shows the new result alongside the original.

Design decision

Make the consequence of the override visible. The analyst needs to see what changed, and by how much.

Pluto Energy recalculate step: revised scenario shown alongside the original
06

Decide

The analyst makes the final trading decision with the full reasoning chain preserved.

Design decision

The decision belongs to the analyst. The AI structures the evidence. It does not own the conclusion.

Pluto Energy decide step: final trading decision with the full reasoning chain preserved

When the AI is uncertain, the analyst needs somewhere to push back.

Not every market event is clear-cut. When an assumption feels wrong, the analyst can inspect the evidence and override before the system recalculates. The intervention is visible, so the analyst can see what changed and whether the updated scenario makes sense.

Design decision

Override is not an edge case. It is the moment where human judgement matters most. The override flow should feel as direct as any other action in the product.

AI assumption
Inspect evidence
Override assumption
Recalculate
Updated scenario
Decision
Pluto Energy assumption inspector screenshot Pluto Energy override state screenshot Pluto Energy recalculation / updated result screenshot

04  ·  Reflection · trade-offs · future

V1

AI answered questions. The analyst built their own context.

V2

AI surfaced and contextualised what mattered. The analytical journey was still fragmented.

V3

AI participates across the analytical workflow while the analyst retains control at every stage.

Every design improvement created a new constraint.

More proactive AI
Benefit

Less searching

New risk

Information overload

More context
Benefit

Better understanding

New risk

More cognitive load

Editable assumptions
Benefit

Human control

New risk

More interaction complexity

Guided workflow
Benefit

Better continuity

New risk

Less flexibility

V3 connected the workflow. The next challenge is making the intelligence inspectable.

The natural progression is from black box to connected system to increasingly transparent reasoning. V3 surfaces the conclusion and the assumption. The unresolved question is how much of the AI's evidence, uncertainty and confidence an analyst should be able to inspect, without recreating the cognitive overload that earlier iterations introduced.

This is not a generic AI transparency problem. It is specific to how this product thinks about market events, and whether the analyst can tell when the product's reasoning diverges from their own.

V1
Black box
V3
Connected model

AI didn't replace judgement. It strengthened it.

AI capability × human judgement